[1] A. Berman, R.J. Plemmons, Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences, Academic
Press, New York, 1979.
[2] Y. Chen, B. Wen, Z. Teng, The global dynamics for a stochastic SIS epidemic model with
isolation, Physica A 492 (2018) 1604–1624.
[3] N. Dalal, D. Greenhalgh, X. Mao, A stochastic model for internal HIV dynamics, J. Math.
Anal. Appl. 341 (2008) 1084–1101.
[4] J. Dorevic, C.J. Silva, A stochastic analysis of the impact of fluctuations in the environment
on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection, Soft Computing 23 (2019).
[5] R.Z. Hasminskii, Stochastic Stability of Differential Equations, Sijthoff and Noordhoff,
Netherlands, 1980.
[6] D. J. Higham, An algorithmic introduction to numerical simulation of stochastic differential
equations, SIAM Rev. 43 (2001) 525–546.
[7] H. Husniah, R. Ruhanda, A. K. Supriatna, Md.H.A. Biswas, SEIR mathematical model of
convalescent plasma transfusion to reduce COVID-19 disease transmission, Mathematics 9
(2021) 2857.
[8] A. Iggidr, G. Sallet, M.O. Souza, On the dynamics of a class of multi-group models for
vector-borne diseases, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 441 (2016) 723–743.
[9] C. Ji, D. Jiang, The asymptotic behavior of a stochastic multigroup SIS model, Int. J.
Biomath. 11 (2018) 1850037.
[10] S.A. Lauer, K. H. Grantz, Q. Bi et al., The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: Estimation and application, Ann.
Intern. Med. 172 (2020) 577–582.
[11] Q. Liu, Stationary distribution and probability density for a stochastic SEIR-type model of
coronavirus (COVID-19) with asymptomatic carriers, Chaos Solitons Fractals 169 (2023)
113256.
[12] Q. Liu, D. Jiang, Dynamics of a multigroup SIRS epidemic model with random perturbations
and varying total population size, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 19 (2020) 1089–1110.
[13] Q. Liu, D. Jiang, T. Hayat, B. Ahmad, Dynamics of a multigroup SIQS epidemic model
under regime switching, Stoch. Anal. Appl. 38 (2020) 769–796.
[14] Q. Liu, D. Jiang, T. Hayat, A. Alsaedi, Dynamics of a stochastic multigroup SIQR epidemic
model with standard incidence rates, J. Franklin Inst. 356 (2019) 2960–2993.
[15] X. Mao, Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications, Horwood Publishing, Chich-
ester, 1997.
[16] Y. Muroya, Y. Enatsu, T. Kuniya, Global stability for a multi-group SIRS epidemic model
with varying population sizes, Nonlinear Anal. RWA 14 (2013) 1693–1704.
[17] O.M. Otunuga, Estimation of epidemiological parameters for COVID-19 cases using a
stochastic SEIRS epidemic model with vital dynamics, Results Phys. 28 (2021) 104664.
[18] S. Paul, A. Mahata, U. Ghosh, B. Roy, Study of SEIR epidemic model and scenario analysis
of COVID-19 pandemic, Ecol. Genetics Genomics 19 (2021) 100087.
[19] X. Zhong, F. Deng, Dynamics of a stochastic multigroup SEIR epidemic model, J. Appl.
Math. 2014 (2014) 258915.
)